Founded in 1948 as a tuberculosis pavilion, today’s Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul has a rich history intertwined with the life of Prof. Dr. Siyami Ersek (1920–1988). Emerging from early efforts to combat infectious diseases in Turkey, the hospital evolved through its transformations—from Haydarpaşa Thoracic Surgery Center to Istanbul Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center—becoming a leading institution in thoracic and cardiovascular care. This handbook traces its development and the pioneering contributions of Dr. Ersek and his colleagues.